As part of the International Tobacco Control Policy Evaluation Project (ITC), the ITC Youth Tobacco and Vaping Survey is assessing uptake of e-cigarettes and other novel nicotine products among youth in three countries: the United States (US), Canada, and England. The project seeks to increase our understanding of the factors that predict uptake among youth and to examine policy measures that influence prevalence and patterns of use.
The study consists of national surveys conducted annually in the US, England, and Canada. The baseline wave (Wave 1) was conducted in 2017, with annual waves conducted thereafter. Additional surveys were conducted at 6-month intervals in 2020 and 2021.
In 2022, the study was extended as the ITC Youth and Young Adult Tobacco and Vaping Survey. Annual repeat cross-sectional waves will be conducted through 2025. The sample has also been extended to include both youth aged 16-19 and young adults aged 20-29 in each of the three countries.
Wave 1 Technical Report (2017) OR Version 2.0 (updated Dec. 2019)
Wave 2 Technical Report (2018) (updated May 2020)
Wave 3 Technical Report (2019) (updated May 2020)
Wave 3.5 Technical Report (2020 – February)
Wave 4 Technical Report (2020 – August) (updated March 2023)
Wave 4.5 Technical Report (2021 – February) (updated March 2022)
Wave 5 Technical Report (2021 – August) (updated March 2022)
Reports
ITC Youth Report - 2023
The ITC Youth Report provides a comprehensive summary of findings over the first eight survey waves, conducted between 2017-2022.
VIEW / DOWNLOAD
ITC New Zealand Report - 2023
The report summarizes findings on awareness, support, and perceived impact for three of Aotearoa/New Zealand’s Smokefree policies-limits on retail stores, nicotine reduction, and smokefree generation-among youth and young adults.
VIEW / DOWNLOAD
Publications
Comparison of indicators of dependence for vaping and smoking: Trends between 2017 and 2022 among youth in Canada, England and the United States
Gomes MN, Reid JL, Rynard VL, East KA, Goniewicz ML, Piper ME, Hammond D. Nicotine & Tobacco Research; In press. https://doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntae060.
The effect of branded versus standardized e-cigarette packaging and device designs: an experimental study of youth interest in vaping products.
Gomes MN, Reid JL, Hammond D. Public Health 2024; 230:223-230.
Use of ‘Elf Bar’ Among Youth and Young Adults who Currently Vape in England: Cross-Sectional Associations with Demographics, Dependence Indicators, and Reasons for Use.
East K, Taylor EV, Simonavičius E, Reid JL, Burkhalter R, McNeill A, Hammond D. Addiction 2024; Mar 21. doi: 10.1111/add.16463. Epub ahead of print.
Noticing education campaigns or public health messages about vaping among youth in the US, Canada, and England from 2018 to 2022.
East K, Taylor EV, Simonavičius E, Nottage M, Reid JL, Burkhalter R, Brose L, Wackowski OA, Liber AC, McNeill A, Hammond D. Health Education Research
Trends in vaping and nicotine product use among youth in Canada, England and the USA between 2017 and 2022: evidence to inform policy.
Hammond D, Reid JL. Tobacco Control 2023; Nov 8 [Epub ahead of print]. doi:10.1136/tc-2023-058241.
Impact of e-liquid packaging on vaping product perceptions among youth in England, Canada, and the United States; a randomised online experiment.
Simonavicius E, East K, Taylor E, Nottage M, Reid JL, Arnott D, Bunce L, McNeill A, Hammond D. Nicotine & Tobacco Research 2023; Aug 5:ntad144.
Perceptions of Cannabis Use Risk to Mental Health Among Youth in Canada, England and the United States from 2017 to 2021.
Lemos MK, Taylor E, Wadsworth E, Reid JL, Hammond D, East K. Drug and Alcohol Dependence 2023; 250:110904.
Awareness and Use of Short-fill E-liquids by Youth in England in 2021: Findings from the ITC Youth Tobacco and Vaping Survey.
Taylor E, East KE, Reid JL, Hammond D. Tobacco Control 2023; May 3 [Epub ahead of print].
Trends in e-cigarette brands, devices and the nicotine profile of products used by youth in England, Canada, and the USA: 2017 to 2019.
Hammond D, Reid JL, Burkhalter R, O’Connor RJ, Goniewicz ML, Wackowski OA, Thrasher JF, Hitchman S. Tobacco Control 2023; 32(1):19-29.
Trends in E-Cigarette and Tobacco Cigarette Purchasing Behaviors by Youth in the United States, Canada, and England, 2017-2022.
Roberson A, Cummings KM, Reid JL, Burkhalter R, Gravely S, Esat K, Thrasher JF, Hammond D. International Journal of Public Health 2023; Nov 14;68:1606234. doi:
Minimum legal age laws and perceived access to cigarettes, e-cigarettes, and other substances among youth in Canada, England, and the United States: 2017-2021.
Reid JL, Burkhalter R, Kasza K, Seo YS, East K, Hyland A, Hammond D. International Journal of Drug Policy 2023; 115:104003.
Tobacco-free oral nicotine product use among youth in the US, 2019-2021.
Schneller L, Felicione NJ, Hammond D, Goniewicz ML, O’Connor RJ. AJPM Focus 2022; 2(1):100061.
Purchasing and use of e-cigarettes among youth in Scotland and England: A repeat cross-sectional evaluation of Scotland’s e-cigarette retail register and prohibition of e-cigarette sales to under-18s.
East K, Reid JL, Hammond D, Hitchman S. Qeios 2022 [pre-print posted 2022 August 10]. https://doi.org/10.32388/1JZU74
E-cigarette and tobacco product use among NYS youth before and after a state-wide vaping flavour restriction policy, 2020–2021.
Schneller LM, Kasza KA, Hammond D, Bansal Travers M, O’Connor R, Hyland A. Tobacco Control 2022; 31: s161–s166.
E-cigarette flavors, devices and brands used by youths before and after partial flavor restrictions in the United States: Canada, England, and the United States, 2017-2020.
Hammond D, Reid JL, Burkhalter R, Bansal Travers M, Gravely S, Hyland A, Kasza K, McNeill A. American Journal of Public Health 2022; 112(7): 1014-1024.
Exposure to negative news stories and harm perceptions of vaping before and after the US outbreak of E-cigarette or Vaping-Associated Lung Injury (EVALI) among youth in England, Canada, and the US.
East KE, Reid JL, Burkhalter R, Wackowski OA, Thrasher JF, Tattan-Birch H, Boudreau C, Bansal-Travers M, Liber AC, McNeill A, Hammond D. Nicotine and Tobacco
Evaluating the impact of the menthol cigarette ban in England by comparing menthol cigarette smoking among youth in England, Canada, and the US from 2018-2020.
East K, Reid JL, Burkhalter R, Kock L, Hyland A, Fong GT, Hammond D. JAMA Network Open 2022; 5(5): e2210029.
Indicators of dependence and efforts to quit vaping and smoking among youth in Canada, England and the USA.
Hammond D, Reid JL, Rynard VL, O’Connor RJ, Goniewicz ML, Piper ME, Bansal-Travers M. Tobacco Control 2022; 31:e25-e34.
Trends in exposure to and perceptions of e-cigarette marketing among youth in England, Canada, and the United States between 2017 and 2019.
Cho YJ, Trasher JF, Driezen P, Hitchman SC, Reid JL, Hammond D. Health Education Research 2021; 36(6): 657-668.
Trends and patterns of tobacco and nicotine product use among youth in Canada, England, and the US from 2017-2019.
East K, Reid JL, Rynard V, Hammond D. Journal of Adolescent Health 2021; 69(3): 447-456.
Prevalence and modes of cannabis use among youth in Canada, England, and the US, 2017 to 2019.
Hammond D, Wadsworth E, Reid JL, Burkhalter R. Drug & Alcohol Dependence 2021; 219: 108505.
E-cigarette marketing regulations and youth vaping: cross-sectional surveys, 2017-2019.
Hammond D, Reid JL, Burkhalter R, Rynard VL. Pediatrics 2020; 146(1):e20194020.
Changes in prevalence of vaping among youth in the United States, Canada, and England, 2017 to 2019.
Hammond D, Rynard V, Reid JL. Journal of the American Medical Association – Pediatrics 2020; 174(8):797-800.
How are adolescents getting their vaping products? Findings from the International Tobacco Control (ITC) Youth Tobacco and Vaping Survey.
Braak D, Cummings KM, Nahhas G, Reid JL, Hammond D. Addictive Behaviors 2020; 105:106345.
Awareness and interest in IQOS heated tobacco products among youth in Canada, England & the United States.
Czoli CD, White CM, Reid JL, O’Connor RJ, Hammond D. Tobacco Control 2020; 29: 89-95.
Modes of delivery in concurrent nicotine and cannabis use (“co-use”) among youth: Findings from the International Tobacco Control (ITC) Survey.
Smith DM, Miller C, O’Connor RJ, Kozlowski LT, Wadsworth E, Fix BV, Collins RL, Wei B, Goniewicz ML, Hyland AJ, Hammond D. Substance Abuse 2021; 42(3):339-347.
Use of JUUL e-cigarettes among youth in the United States.
Hammond D, Wackowski OA, Reid JL, O’Connor RJ. Nicotine & Tobacco Research 2020; 22(5): 827–832
Social norms towards smoking and vaping and associations with product use among youth in England, Canada, and the US.
East K, Hitchman SC, McNeill A, Thrasher JF, Hammond D. Drug and Alcohol Dependence 2019; 205; 107635.
The prevalence of vaping and smoking as modes of delivery for nicotine and cannabis among youth in Canada, England and the United States.
Fataar F, Hammond D. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2019; 16(21): 4111.
Baseline assessment of noticing e-cigarette health warnings among youth and young adults in the United States, Canada and England, and associations with harm perceptions, nicotine awareness and warning recall.
Sontag JM, Wackowski OA, Hammond D. Preventive Medicine Reports 2019; 16: 100966.
Prevalence of vaping and smoking among youth in Canada, England and the United States: repeat national cross-sectional surveys.
Hammond D, Reid JL, Rynard VL, Fong GT, Cummings KM, McNeill A, Hitchman S, Thrasher JF, Goniewicz ML, Bansal-Travers M, O’Connor R, Levy D, Borland
Youth and young adult exposure to and perceptions of news media coverage about e-cigarettes in the United States, Canada and England.
Wackowski OA, Sontag JM, Hammond D. Preventive Medicine 2019; 121: 7-10
Youth self-reported exposure to and perceptions of vaping advertisements: Findings from the 2017 International Tobacco Control Youth Tobacco and Vaping Survey.
Cho YJ, Thrasher JF, Reid JL, Hitchman S, Hammond D. Preventive Medicine 2019; 126: 105775
International differences in patterns of cannabis use among youth: Prevalence, perceptions of harm, and driving under the influence in Canada, England & United States.
Wadsworth E, Hammond D. Addictive Behaviors 2019; 90: 171-175.
Differences in patterns of cannabis use among youth: Prevalence, perceptions of harm, and driving under the influence in the United States where non-medical cannabis markets have been established, proposed & prohibited.
Wadsworth E, Hammond D. Drug & Alcohol Review 2018; 37(7):903-911.
